[Apache] Introduction .htaccess - Scripting en webdesign forum

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Apache: Introduction .htaccess

Forum: Scripting en webdesign	Eerste bericht: 30 okt 2008 22:44	Bekeken: 8.264 x
Op watchlist: 0 x	Laatste bericht: 31 okt 2008 08:26

Jordi Alferink, Particulier

30 okt 2008 22:44

An .htaccess file is a very simple text document. This file states in the root directory or in a subdirectory and it can makes changes to the server. This server needs to be Apache. Before you can use .htaccess files you need to be sure that your host supports it. If your host supports it you can make .htaccess files.

What can you do with .htaccess?
Well, you can reach all sorts of things. Like:

Make own error pages.

Protect directories with .htaccess and .htpasswd.

Choose for www for you domain or not.

Make a redirect.

Block IP-addresses.

Set your index page.

Avoid directory browsing.

A HTML file parse as PHP file.

Avoid hot linking

Mod-Rewrite
If you want to know more about Mod-Rewrite and choosing for www for your domain name and avoid hot linking. You can read this article, made by Stefan van Elsas
(Log in om link te zien!)
You can make .htaccess files with your text-editor. Just type in the text and save it. With no name, it’s just an extension. If you can’t save it like that, save it as .htaccess.txt and upload it to your server. You can rename it to .htaccess.

Own error pages
You probably have seen this before on an internet site: ERROR 404 – FILE NOT FOUND. You’ll get this error if you go to an internet page that doesn’t exist. Well, if you are a webmaster and if you don’t want to let see this message to your visitors. You can make your own error pages or you can send your visitors to another page, like your index. With this example you sent your visitor to the file: error/404.shtml if a file doesn’t exist.

ErrorDocument 404 /error/404.html

Here’s a list of all error-codes. You can make of the most a special document.

400 – Bad Request

401 – Authorization Required

402 – Payment Required

403 – Forbidden

404 – File Not Found

405 – Method Not Allowed

406 – Not Acceptable

407 – Proxy Authentication Required

408 – Request Time-out

409 – Conflict

410 – Gone

411 – Length Required

412 – Precondition Failed

413 – Request Entity Too large

414 – Request-URI Too Large

415 – Unsupported Media Type

500 – Internal Server Error

501 – Method Not Implemented

502 – Bad Gateway

503 – Service Temporarily Unavailable

504 – Gateway Time-out

505 – HTTP Version Not Supported

Protect directories
If you want a protected directory. You also can use .htaccess. First you need to make a directory on your server. The next thing to do is making the .htaccess file. If you have DirectAdmin or software like that on your server. You don’t need to make the .htaccess file. With DirectAdmin you can make protected directories without typing any code, except for a username and a password. But if you want to make the file. This is what you need:

AuthUserFile /home/name/pad/to/.htpasswd
AuthGroupFile /dev/null
AuthName "Secret page"
AuthType Basic

For a protected directory, you also need an .htpasswd file. And in the first rule of the .htaccess file is the pad to this .htpasswd file. In your .htpasswd file state you username and password separated by a “:”. So something likes this:

username:password

You need to place the .htaccess file in your protected directory and you place your .htpasswd file anywhere you want. But the pad in .htaccess needs to be good. If it’s wrong, you can’t login. This is how it looks in your browser:

<img src="http://i35.tinypic.com/243n72v.jpg" alt="" />

Make a redirect
You can send your visitor to another page or directory with .htaccess. You can do that because a page is somewhere else or things like that. To do that, you need this code:

Redirect /directory-name (Log in om link te zien!)
So if your visitor goes to (Log in om link te zien!) , he will be redirected to (Log in om link te zien!) . You also can use some error codes for this redirect. Namely:

Permanent – This is a permanent redirect

Temp – This is a temporary redirect

Seeother – This is for if your page is replaced

Gone – This is for if your map/page is removed

Redirect permanent /directory-name (Log in om link te zien!)

Block IP-Addresses
You can block IP-Addresses with .htaccess. Or you can block all addresses and accept your own. This code shows how you allow everyone and you block two addresses.

order allow, deny
deny from 123.123.123.123
deny from 234.234.234.234
allow from all

And this code shows how you block all IP addresses and you allow 2 other.

oder allow, deny
deny from all
allow from 123.123.123.123
allow from 234.234.234.234

HTML file as PHP file
You can parse an HTML file as a PHP file. Now you will think: “why would you do that?” Well if you have an old website with only HTML files and you are linked by other websites or you are in Google with your HTML files and you will change to PHP files. Then all the HTML files will be gone and that is bad for Google and your link partners. Well, you can do this also with a redirect, but there’s a better manor to do that. You can parse a HTML file as a PHP file. And you can do that with this code:

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .htm. html

This code will say to Apache that all the .htm and .html files need to be parsing as .php. You can test it yourself. Make a HTML page with a php code inside. Add this code to you .htaccess file and look!
Set your standard page in your directory
Not everyone wants an index.php or index.html as standard page. With .htaccess you can change this. If you want hous.html as standard page. You can use this code:

DirectoryIndex hous.html

You also can use more files. By this code the server first will try to go to hous.html, if that file don’t exists, he will try garage.html.

DirectoryIndex hous.html garage.html

Avoid directory browsing
Directory browsing is that if you don’t have an index page, you can see a list of all files. By some servers is this already standard that nobody can see that list. And the visitor get’s a forbidden message. But if it doesn’t is standard. You can use this simple code.

Options -Indexes

Post #1

T. Bruinsma, Insert Webdesign

31 okt 2008 08:26

Very good explained,

Aangepast op 31-10-2008 08:27 door T. Bruinsma

Post #2

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